Jordanian Journal of Informatics and Computing

ISSN: 3080-6828 (Online)

Influence Human body on Impedance of Wearable Antenna

by 

Esraa H. Kadum ;

Haider M. AlSabbagh ;

R. M. Edwards ;

Ali. A. Abed ;

Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda

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Published: 2026/07/06

Abstract

This paper investigates the influence of the human body on the input impedance of wearable antennas, with a focus on dipole and microstrip antenna designs operating at 0.9 GHz. Instead of directly modeling the complex human body, equivalent structures such as perfect electrical conductor (PEC) planes with various geometries (square and rectangular) and multilayer configurations are employed using CST 2011 simulation software. The study analyzes the relationship between antenna input impedance and the distance between the antenna and the approximated body models. Several configurations, including floating dipole antennas and microstrip antennas, are evaluated under different plane dimensions (3×3, 6×12, and 9×9) and multilayer materials representing human tissues. Additionally, a cylindrical model is considered to better approximate the human body shape. The results demonstrate that antenna performance, particularly input impedance, is significantly affected by nearby structures, while optimized configurations-especially the rectangular 6×12 plane-achieve desirable impedance matching around 50–70 Ω. The findings indicate that floating dipole antennas exhibit more stable and suitable performance for wearable applications compared to microstrip designs, particularly in proximity to human body-like environments.

Keywords

Wearable AntennasInput ImpedanceBody Area Networks (BAN)Floating Dipole AntennaMicrostrip AntennaHuman Body ModelingElectromagnetic InteractionCST SimulationImpedance MatchingOn-Body Communication

Influence Human body on Impedance of Wearable Antenna is licensed under CC BY 4.0CCBY

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